Travertine deposits in Azarshahr, NW Iran, are one of the most extensive travertine deposits in the world. The process of travertine deposit is currently active in the several springs. It was used a multidisciplinary approach to determine the source of fluids and Structural characteristics of travertine springs. Results of in-situ measurements and type of travertine deposits, demonstrate that the springs are of thermogenic type with hydrothermal sources. Hydrogeochemical diagrams and ionic ratios represent that the type of spring waters are calcium carbonate, with increased sodium and chloride ions levels due to mixing with brine waters. Geophysical studies showed that these brines originated from the Urmia Lake or related brines, which are intruded through fracture systems to relay zones of faults and mixed with hydrothermal bicarbonate-saturated fluids. This phenomenon shows that hydrochemistry of travertine springs are affected by Urmia Lake or related brines.

Purpose: Schizophrenia (SZ), which affects 0.45% of adults worldwide, is a complex mental illness with unknown causes and mechanisms. Neuroimaging techniques have been used to study changes in the brain of patients with SZ. In this study, we aim to construct brain subnetworks, analyze the association of structure with function, and investigate them with graph measures. We hope to identify important subnetworks and graph measures for SZ diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This study investigates the Structural and functional brain connectivity of 27 healthy controls (HC) and 27 patients with SZ. Independent component analysis (ICA) and joint ICA (jICA) are used to construct subnetworks based on functional and Structural connectivity. An association between Structural and functional connectivity is examined. Joint functional and Structural subnetworks are also examined and compared with independent analysis of functional and Structural subnetworks. Several graph measures are used in the whole brain and its subnetworks. Results: In this study, we investigated brain connectivity in HC and SZ patients using graph measures. The study analyzed both the whole brain and brain subnetworks to better understand the importance of partitioning the brain into subregions. Our results suggest that analyzing whole brain may not be the most effective method for studying brain peculiarities of SZ patients. In addition, multimodal brain analysis has proven to be effective in understanding SZ. There is no one-to-one relationship between Structural and functional connectivity in the brain. Certain measures such as maximum modularity, clustering coefficient, network strength, global efficiency and path length were important in distinguishing patients with SZ from HCs in specific subnetworks. This study recommends further investigation of specific subnetworks that overlap with default mode, visual, and somatomotor resting state networks. Conclusion: This study emphasizes importance of subnetwork and multimodal analysis for understanding SZ disease.

Introduction: Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with social, cognitive and behavioral impairments. These impairments are often reported along with alteration of the brain structure such as abnormal changes in the grey matter (GM) density. However, it is not yet clear whether these changes could be used to differentiate various subtypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: We compared the regional changes of GM density in ASD, Asperger's Syndrome (AS) individuals and a group of healthy controls (HC). In addition to regional changes itself, the amount of GM density changes in one region as compared to other brain regions was also calculated. We hypothesized that this Structural covariance network could differentiate the AS individuals from the ASD and HC groups. Therefore, statistical analysis was performed on the MRI data of 70 male subjects including 26 ASD (age=14-50, IQ=92-132), 16 AS (age=7-58, IQ=93-133) and 28 HC (age=9-39, IQ=95-144). Result: The one-way ANOVA on the GM density of 116 anatomically separated regions showed significant differences among the groups. The pattern of Structural covariance network indicated that covariation of GM density between the brain regions is altered in ASD. Conclusion: This changed Structural covariance could be considered as a reason for less efficient segregation and integration of information in the brain that could lead to cognitive dysfunctions in autism. We hope these findings could improve our understanding about the pathobiology of autism and may pave the way towards a more effective intervention paradigm.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

Structural analysis of remotely sensed data provides a method of assessing the Structural significance of regional metallogenesis in the Dehaj area as the northwestern part of the Kerman porphyry Cu belt. This belt is consisted of dominant Eocene volcanics and the Dehaj type subvolcanic intrusives. In the study area, geologically, Cu-mineralization is hosted by the Kuh-e-Panj type subvolcanic intrusives. Photogeological analysis of the Landsat imagery reveals a pattern of mainly NW-SE oriented linear structures which were apparently generated in response to crustal thickening and lineament reactivations during the generation of a huge stratovolcanoes. A comparison of lineament map generated from Landsat ETM+ image indicates that the locations of some of the deposits, magmatic and hydrothermal centers are at/or close to the intersections of linear structures. This study deals also with the irrefutable genetic links between some small circular features and copper mineralization that has not been previously examined. It is proposed that the circular features are superficial expressions of intruded stocks or bodies in subvolcanic levels without remarkable volcanic equivalents. Of particular matter in this framework is the possible genetic/age relationship between the linear structures and the circular features. These small circular features are thought, in some cases, as having been formed due to development of the local extensional points near the intersection of the linear structures in a regional, tectonically, compressive environment. Regionally, plotting the residual anomaly and bouguer anomaly maps of the region provides, geophysically, a lucid explanation as to how the small circles came into existence.

In order to survive in the complex environment, budget programming or forecasting models have been criticized as inadequate for today’s business environment. Organizations have to use strategic planning to evaluate internal and external situation, then formulate proper strategies and implement them. The key to execute strategy is to have people in the organization understand it. Strategy map has a significant role in the strategic management due to describing strategies of organization and to help people understand strategies. Strategy map is essentially a graphical depiction of the causal model of an organization’s strategy then developing the causal model of the strategy is also important. This paper presents innovative approach to determine causal relationship and levels of strategic objectives in strategy map. For this purpose an interpretive Structural modeling (ISM) based approach has been employed to strategy map. This paper also utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to understand the interrelationships among the objectives so that those driving objectives, which can affect others and those dependent objectives, which are most influenced by driving objectives are identified. It emphasizes that interrelationship among objectives isn’t only down to up, it is on both side. An actual example of a small case pipe and fittings manufacturing company provides some managerial insights into the methodology.

IntroductionTwo main principal aspects for the genesis of porphyry copper deposits have been determined. The first genetic model concerns the petrologic and geochemical processes and the other relates the genesis to crustal deformation and geodynamic conditions (Kesler, 1997). Recent studies (e.g., Padilla Garza et al., 2001) show that the generation and emplacement of porphyry copper deposits may not only be dependent on magmatic and hydrothermal processes, but also that the regional and local tectonic setting plays an important role.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive Structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive Structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.